Ujung Kulon National Park

Ujung Kulon National Park
IUCN Category II (National Park)
Ujung Kulon
Location in Java
Location Java, Indonesia
Area 1,206 km²
Established 1980
Visitors 2,385 (in 2007[1])
Governing body Ministry of Forestry
World Heritage Site 1991

Ujung Kulon National Park (means : Western Tip) is located at the western-most tip of Java, Banten, Indonesia. It includes the volcanic island group of Krakatoa and other islands including Panaitan, Handeuleum and Peucang on the Sunda Strait.

Contents

Geography

The park encompasses an area of 1,206 km² (443 km² marine), most of which lies on a peninsula reaching into the Indian Ocean. The explosion of nearby Krakatau in 1883 produced a tsunami (giant wave) that eliminated the villages and crops of the coastal areas on the western peninsula, and covered the entire area in a layer of ash averaging 30 cm thick. This caused the total evacuation of the peninsula by humans, thereby allowing it to become a repository for much of Java’s flora and fauna, and most of the remaining lowland forest on the island.

Ecology

It is Indonesia's first proposed national park and was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1991 for containing the largest remaining lowland rainforest in Java.

Ujung Kulon is the last refuge of the critically endangered Javan Rhinoceros after poachers killed in 2011 the last remaining rhino in Cat Tien National Park of Vietnam, where a small population of 10 or less remained. In Ujung Kulon the population has been estimated at 40-60 in the 1980s.[2] Within 2001-2010 there have been 14 rhino births identified using camera and video traps.[3] Based on recordings taken between February and October 2011, 35 rhinoceros have been identified, of which 22 were males and 13 females. Of these 7 were old, 18 adults, 5 youngsters, and 5 infant rhinos.[4]

The park protects 57 rare species of plant. The 35 species of mammal include Banteng, Silvery Gibbon, Javan Lutung, Crab-eating Macaque, Leopard, Java Mouse-deer and Rusa Deer. There are also 72 species of reptiles and amphibians, and 240 species of birds.

The status of crocodiles within the park is largely unknown- sightings are rare, but do occasionally occur. There are reports of the false gharial within the park, but these are not confirmed. In addition, the saltwater crocodile was historically present throughout Java's coastal river systems but is currently extinct within these regions. Small, isolated populations of the saltwater crocodile are reported to exist within Ujung Kulon but confirmation is needed.

Conservation

Parts of today's national park and World Heritage site have been protected since the early 20th century. Krakatoa Islands was declared as a Nature Reserve in 1921, followed by Pulau Panaitan and Pulau Peucang Nature Reserve in 1937, the Ujung Kulon Nature Reserve in 1958, the Gunung Honje Nature Reserve in 1967, and most recently Ujung Kulon National Park in 1992. In 2005 the park was designated as an ASEAN Heritage Park.[5]

See also

References

  1. ^ Forestry statistics of Indonesia 2007, retrieved 20 May 2010
  2. ^ van Strien, N.J., Steinmetz, R., Manullang, B., Sectionov, Han, K.H., Isnan, W., Rookmaaker, K., Sumardja, E., Khan, M.K.M. & Ellis, S. (2008). Rhinoceros sondaicus. In: IUCN 2008. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 28 November 2008.
  3. ^ Antara News: Javan rhinos breed at Ujung Kulon: WWF, 1 March 2011
  4. ^ "Populasi Badak Jawa pada 2011 Sedikitnya 35 Individu". December 29, 2011. http://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/node/171251. 
  5. ^ UNEP: Ujung Kulon, retrieved 2010-0108

External links